Isipho Sokuqala Sokuhlola Ukusetyenziswa KweSayensi Wesayensi Namasinye Amanqaku

Izicatshulwa Ezikhoyo Ifilimu leZindawo zaseMphendulo ukusebenzisa

Ukuphawula kwezilimi zokusebenza ezikhaya zingavumeleyo amaxesha njengepolyethylene kunye nepolyvinyl chloride (PVC), okugcineneyo ngokuthi kuzohlanganiswa ngazo iindlela zakhozo noma ukusetyenziswa kwesikhashana esidingayo lokusebenza ngokulandelana nokuhlola. I-polyethylene, ingaphakathi kunye nokukwazi ukubhedelela komoya, kukhuthazeka emhlaba engafanele ukungena umoya omphakathi. Ngakho xa i-PVC, elibekelwe ngokuthi lizama lokhu lokuvumela, kulandelayo ukusetshenziswa apho ukusethemba olunye kunye nokuhlola kwisebe sasendaweni. Izicatshulwa zihlabeleka ngokushesha lokusebenza, ukusigcina ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhlanganisa ukusuka kokucabanga kwe-UV. Lezi zicatshulwa ziqhuba lezi zezinto ezingenhloko ukuba zifundise izilimi ezintsha ezindaweni zokuhlola elandelayo, ukususa ukufinyelela kakhulu kunye nokususa ukusukela kwezilimi ezinomsindo. Umbuso wamaxesha wesiphumo sokuphawula kwezilimi zokusebenza ezikhaya uzoba ukuhlanganiswa ngokubheka izilimi ezilandelayo, okudinga ukubonelela ukuthi ubudlelwane bokusebenzela kunye nokubekwa kwezilimi ezilandelayo. Ukusebenzisa isibindi sesiphumo sekuphawula kunye nokubheka kwezilimi ezilandelayo kuyabo abahleli ukuba babhekisele ukuthi babuyekeze inkinga yezilimi ezilandelayo ngokusebenzela.

Ukuphahla kwezinsuku ezikhulu nephutha lweplastiki

Kuyona ukuba amaphetha ezisisekelweni zikhuphela, bayo bonke abangaphandle kakhulu ngokwesiphumo esincane lesimayithini, ubukhulekile besilima. Ngokubanzi, isibonelo esegcinenwe ngamakhasi we-INL ngenqubo yenkululeko ne-University of Alcalá, ibonisa ukuba amaphetha ezisisekelweni zikhuphela amasimu amanye amabhedlela imayithini esincane emahhase leli lencane kulandelule elingezantsi ezi-5 milimetri. Izinhlobo ezincinci zomaphetha zizihlala ezindaweni zomhlaba nezinye izindawo zomoya, uzoba amaninzi amadabu. Iindlebe zakugcinwa lokusebenza kuhluke amaphetha okuthiwa asebenzayo kusetyenziswa njengama-phathway ezifundziswa ngokwemicroplastic pollution, kunye nokuhlola phakathi kwesinye sikhatsi sokulandeleka kunye nokushintshwa ngolwandle lwesikhatsi. Amastatisiki akubhekise ukuba umahlale wokuvala wokugcinwa kuhluke kuzo kuhlanganiselwa ngokubanzi kumiphi imayithini esincane, ukuze ushadiwe kakhulu lokungaphumeleyo kumahlali wesilima. Izinhlobo zakho ziqhamuka iibarayithi, uzoba abafundi abazange babuyeke kubalulekileyo kunye nokuhlola ukuba baphumeleyo bazo kubantu abaningi ngokushintshwa ngolwandle lwesikhatsi. Ukubonisa ukuba kuhluke amayithini esincane esekusenzeni kuhluke amaphetha, uhlanganisa ukuba kufanele kuhlinywa amaqembu amahhululekileyo okanye amaphetha ezisisekelweni ezidingekileyo.

Ukuphakamisa kwezinto ezikhemikali zicala nezinyathelo zokungaphuzi kwenqanawe

Iimedi yebhuthi zihlabeleka ukuphakamisa kwezinto ezikhemikali, okungaba umthombo omphahla wenza imigomo ecaleni lokulandela usobala wesithombe. Ukuphakamisa kwezinto ezikhemikali ifanele ngokuba izifundo zeziphiplasto ezidingekile zibhekise amasiko ahambe into apho aziphumeleya amaqanda esingazange esinethunywa, uzoba ukubhekise ubuhlanti bokugcina ngezilimi zokudla nokuthola ukwenzeka kokuthi iindlela zakho zizohlaleke. Izibalo zitholakala indlela yokuthi amasiko amancane njenge-Phthalates namalayithi amakhulu angahlabeleka kusuka kwiimedi leyi. Ngokushesha, lokho lungenziwa ukuthi lokhu kulandela ukuthola ukuphucukeleko kunye nokuthola ukuhlawula kwesobala sokuqala sokuthi lokhu kuhlanganisiwe ngokuthi amapolotenti akhona kutsiwe kusukela kwebhuthi. Ukungaphuzi kwenqanawe kukhishwa iinkululo zasekhaya, uzoba ukubheka ukuthola ukuthi isobala sikutsiwe ngokuthi amapolotenti amaningi aselandelako abangene ngezinto ezindabeni lokuhlola ukuthola ukuthi inqanawe yenqanawe ingavunyelwe.

Umbhikiso Wokuthenga: Ukuphakamiswa Kwemfenni Nge-Emisini

Ukubungazela Kwezintshisekelo Zomphoyisi Ngaphandle Kwemfenni

Ukuhlawulwa kwe amasiphi wezinhlobo zokugcina izinto ezingcinane ukuya kuhamba ngokushesha emfenni yomphoyisi, okunyelelwa ngokwesikhatsi esidingayo amasiphi angcono lokuhlula ukuthi amandla. Lolu hlobo lwenqanawe kunikeza iindlela ezindwendwe zokuthengisa emfenni yokuthenga ngokusebenzela umculo wokuqala wesayithi lesiHloweni lokuthenga. Ngokwesisholo somphilo wesayithi leEnvironmental Science & Technology, ukuphakamiswa kwemfenni yomphoyisi kunqumelela ukuthi imifenni yesibhenxe yenkabi zihlabeleka ngokushesha, uzama ukuba uhlale kakhulu.

Isikhathi Sodwa lesiPolyethylene

Amanqaku amapolyethylene, ezikhankanyiswayo kakhulu ngemibhokisi yezindlubhi, bayenqanawa isikhathi esodwa kodwa. Izigaba zokuhlola okudla zokusetyenziswa kwezinye izikhwapho zephenethi leziyahlukile ukusuzumisa iCO2 ekuphakamisweni ngekuphela. Isikhathi sodwa sifunyanwa ngokuthiwe yiimfihlo emfunyaneni lokusebenza kunye nokulayishwa ngokugcina ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngokwesiphiwo lesizathu, zikalayo iindlela zakumbi eliphambili lokushintsha isikhathi sodwa sokusetshenziswa kophandle komhlaba kunye nokuhlonipha imisebenzi yesethulo yokubuyiselwa.

Iimpahla Yokuhambelela Kwesikhathelo Sokuqala

Ukugcina amaxesha akhetha isiphumo sentsimbi kwenqanawe yokuthi lokungcono nezinyathelo zokugcinwa kwezifayela ezinamandla zomthwalo. Izifayela zakufuneka zigcine kwezikhaya ezizenzakhiwo kusukela izindawo zokusebenza ukugcina ngemvume kunye nokulima, ukuyibuyelela umkhuhlane wabo wesiqephu somthwalo. Ukubuka kwezinyathelo ezinamandla ezihlukene ngenqanawe yakho yokugcina kumelana nokuthi amandla eziphumayo azikho kakhulu, uzakhiwa ngamahasha abangelwe kunye namandla okusetshenziswa ukugcina. Izigaba zokuhlola zithiwelela iindlela ezidingekileyo lwezichainsi lekushayamazwi, ukubonisa lowo moya omkhulu obungako kwezifayela ezinamandla zomthwalo kulemfundo yokuquka kwezilimi ezilandelayo.

Ukubonisa Ifayela Yesikhumba Esingabhedhlise Ngezinyathelo Ezintsha

Amaglass esikhumbeni kunye nezifayela ezishesha: Umyalezo Wesibhedlela

Lokhu okugcinwa ngephakathi lwezinyathelo zomoya, amaglasshouse nemistrakhi yophetha leplastiki baphakathi amanye amandla nokuphazamisekileyo. Amaglasshouse angcono ukuba kuhluke imoya nesibhedlela lokuhlola, ubungakanani besicatshululo esikhatsini. Ngaphezulu, amistrakhi weplastiki abangeni ngokukhawuleza kuhlola izindawo ezidingekayo, ukuze kuhloniphe umnandi wokusetyenziswa. Ukubaluleka kwesikhashana sokuthengisa phambi komunye nomthondvo womoya wesikhatsi; ngakwesiphumo, amaglasshouse angcono ukuthi akhululeke amagama angaphambili, kodwa uphawu lwabo lokuhlola lokusebenzisa imoya kunoma kulula. Izinkinga zokudinga zizohlalela ukubusa izinsuzo ezincane nezinhloso zokuthenga ukuthi yeyiphi inqubo engasityelelwa ngendlela yobunye.

Amistrakhi Abasebenzela Elandelayo: Izinga Lomsebenzi

Izifilimi zomulusha ezibhedhekile ngakwesobizo kuhlu lapho kulungileyo kwiqhaza, njengokubonisa umlayezo wemayethu nendlela yokuphucula kokuthi isitshalo sikhona. Kodwa, ukusebenza kwazo kukhishene ngamandla amaninzi, phakathi kwalokho okuyinkulumo, ukukhathalisa iindlela zakuhlola, kunye nokuphucula. Izifilimi zakho zakufundiswa akavunyelwe ngokushesha noma akavamile ukusukelela izindawo ezidingekileyo ngokwesobizo lokusebenza komlayezo ofanele. Izigaba ziqalela ukuthi imigomo yezimpahla zikhubazeka ngokuba kwezifilimi ezityenziswayo, uzame ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe ukubala izindawo eziphumaphi kunye nezincwadi zezimpahla ezizityenziswa ngaphambi kokukhetha izifilimi ezibhedhekileyo. Amasosoli kufanele bakhe khetho lokhu kakhulu ukuze babone ukuthi izifilimi zomulusha ezibhedhekileyo zingabangiselela izimvo zabo zokuphucula ngokuphi.

Amalungisi Amane Ngokushesha Ukusetyenziswa Komlayezo

Izilungiselelo ezinhlanganekayo zikuphuma njengamandla omusho ukuthi kuhluke izinto eziphakeme phesheya lokusebenzisa uphakamiso olwandleyo kwiqhaza lwezincwadi. Ngokuhlukelwa kwezindlela ezifanele ngeemateweni ezenzele ngokubonakalisi okanye amathuluzi abadabenyekileyo, lezinye iindlela zikhohlwa ukuthola isenzo sokuqala sokunquma umculo wendawo nokufinyelela kokuthi kuyihlobene. Ngiqinisekiselo lokuhlukela amacomponeyenti adabenyekileyo kweemateweni elizenzakalo labafilezini labakhophi labafundiswa kunqume ukususa ukuba kusuke kufanele nokuthi akukho usizo olungaphambili. Izindawo eziningi ezisebenzisa iqhaza leziqinisekelo ezinhlanganekayo zithetha ukuthi zingavakasha uhlangothi nokuthi zingenhloko yobunzima obungaphambili. Lezi zindaba zikhumbula ukuthi kungenani lezilungiselelo zezinhlanganekayo ukuthola indlela yokuthiwe ngempahla ekugcineni lokusebenza nokuhlola ukuthi kuhamba ngokubanzi kanye nokuhlola ukuthi kuhamba ngokubanzi.

Ukukholelwa Kwesikhashana Sokuzama: Ukukhishwa Kwesibonelo Sokuqala Sokuhlola Umculo Womphakathi

Umbiko wesikhashana wesiphi esiphambili

Ukubala kwezinyezi eliphambili lokususa kuninzi ukuthi lokungahlukele ngempumelelo yomunye wokuhlola amaphetha okusebenza ngeikhopho lemkhukhu. Lolu hlobo luhlonela zonke izigaba zomphumela wephrojekthi, phakathi kwezilondolozi zokulayisha amandla angculu, ukuguqula, uphelo nokulandelana noma ukuphucuka. Izibonelo ezikwenzekileyo kwezinhlobo zokubala komphumela lokugcina kuhlala kakhulu ngokuthi zihlabelela amanani apho amaphetha akhona. Ukudibanisa, njengoba kwi-Environmental Science & Technology, uhlanganiswa ngokuthi amaphetha amaningi angenani iindlela ezintsha noma eglass. Lolu hlobo lokubala lindoda ukuthi kuhle kuzama ukuthola ukuthi amaphetha amaningi angazange azibalele amandla engcono yokuhlola ngokwesikhatsi, ukusukelwa kwezindlela ezidingekayo esebenza ngokuthi amaphetha amaningi angazange azibalele amandla engcono.

Amashonalithi ase-UV nokuchabaza ukuphucuka

Amagcinzelo okusukela i-UV kuyahlukanisa ukusebenza kwesikhashana sokugcina umhla wokuhlala kweendaweni ezikhulu, ngakho lokhu ziqinisekisa ukuba bakhusele ekupheleni kweentsingiselo zokuxhasa. Ngakwesiphi, amagcinzelo amagezi akukho abantu ababangako kubhedlela, ukuze babaluleke amanye amasiko ophambili obekho ngenqanawe yokuhlola. Ngesicwangciso sengcalo, lemgciyo alungiselela imiphumela yobhedlela, ngakho lokhu ubungena imiphumela yesibhedlela kunye nokuthatha emishini weplastiki. Lento ifuneka ukuthi kuhluleke ukufinyelela kokubhedlela ukusuka kweendaweni ezithile ngaphandle kokubhekisisa izinkinga ezingahlukeneyo.

Usizo lwenqanawe: Umlilo weplastiki wesine ngochaka 10 vs umlilo weeglasikhe esine ngochaka

Umbongo lwesikhephe eside kwezilungiselelo lokusebenzisa amandla asemanqaku kusukela ngeyishumi ngalwandle luhluke izimbongi zokuthi ukuba amandla asemanqaku labeplasitiki kanye namandla asemanqaku labeglasini kufuneka lapho abanjulwe. Izindawo ezifakwa kuhlonipha ukuthi imandla yesibhedlela esebenzisayo saseplasitiki isebenza amandla engaphezulu kakhulu futhi kusho ukuphumelela okubhekiseleyo ngokwemvume kunoma amandla asemanqaku labeglasini. Iziphumo zokuhlola, phakathi kwezi zingaba zeSheffield University, zikhulula ukuthi umncedisi wamandla wesigcino nokuphumelela kwamanqaku amanqaku amahhalelanga aselungiseleyo kumkhonto wokusebenza kakhulu. Izindlela ezihlaziyi zithetha ukuthi kufanele kuzikhetha amandla kuyimizamo yamanqaku ukuthi uhlalekile ukuthi akhiwe inkonzo yokudla.

Amavuselelo Okulungiseleka Ngokusebenzisa Amadida Wesibhakabhaka

Iteynolojhi Ezintsha Zokubuyisela Amadida Aplasitiki

Izindlela ezincane zokubuyisela amapulayisi a-polyolefin ayiphi ingxenye yezilungiselelo ezikhoyo lokugcina umoya wemiplasethi kwisekhukhene. Izindlela zakwesiphi, njengesiqinisekiso sokuphola ngephandle kunye nokubuyiselwa okuqhakamiswe, zingabuyiswa ukuba zifundise amaphrojekthi angaphansi kwemiplasethi wekhukhene ngokulandelana nendawo yokuhlola. Isibonelo siphrojekthi esesbenzisa Netherlands apho amaphrojekthi a-polyolefin azizenzakalo izifilimi ezintsha, uzokususa izinhlanga zokuthatha. Amaphrojekthi amaningi akhetha isikhatsi sesiqinisekiso phambi kokuthi i-recycling ibe ingxenye yesikhathi sokubuya kakhulu lokusebenzisa amaplasi ethi e-agricultural ngokuzenzekelayo.

Amaphrojekthi abasebenziwe ngokuthi amaphrojekthi abasebenziwe

Amaphethelo echanekelayo apho amakhomphulo akhawunyelwe kwisezintsha zokugcina ngenqanawe lokuhlola ngokulandelana nohlangothi olwandle lwemibhophetho. Lolu hlobo lweephethelo luhluke kulula ngoba kukho ukuphumelela okubhekiseleyo kwekholoni nekuphucukeleka kwesikhwama. Ngaphezulu, xa amaphethelo echanekelayo azifuna ukuthatha isenzo sokuqala, bafumanisi abahluke ukuthi kunesikhatsi sokuthiwa ngokusetyenziswa kunye nokususa emali ngaphandle komalini othemba. Ngekhona, umsebenzi wosukela we-Italy wenze amaphethelo echanekelayo ngokusebenzisa izimbali nezinkomo zokugcina, uzame ukusho ukuba kungenani kodwa ubuyekeza iindlela ezidingekayo. Ukufanelela kwakuxoxa ukuba kunesiphiwo lesilungileyo kwiqhaza lokuhlola, kodwa ukubuyela kwezindaba zokuthengiswa zakho kufanele kube ngokulandelayo ukuze kuzityelele.

Izicwangciso zokuthumela ukudluliswa kwezinhlangamthi

Amaphrojekthi yeExtended Producer Responsibility (EPR) zikhulu kakhulu ngokulungisa ukusetyenziswa kwesayisitsholo nokuthuthukisa okulingana nendawo yokugcina. I-EPR iyamukela abasebenzisi bamanje ukuhlanganisa indlela yokuqala lokusebenza kwezinhlobo zakhe, kufaka ukuphucula ngaphandle komphakathi wokusetyenziswa. Ngokushesha, amaphrodyisi wegreenhouse film bewabi amaphrojekthi ye-EPR ezincedayo ukuba zifundise ukuhlola nokubuyisela lesayisitsholo lomncedo, uzihlabelela izimvo zokuhlola esayithuthukekileyo. Ngiqiniso, i-companies e-Germany bezibuyela iimodeli ze-EPR ezifocuse kakhulu kwiingxenye zenkcukacha nokubuyisela, zabuyekeza imigomo yesayithuthukekileyo enviro. Lwazi olungileyo laliphrojekthi alizange libalele abasebenzisi ukukhetha nokuthuthukisa phakathi komncedo ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezidingekayo.